Interim Measures For the Administration of the Foreign-invested Development and Management of Tracts of Land

文章摘要 本文围绕外商投资成片土地开发管理办法,阐释成片开发的法律概念、设立开发企业的形式、项目审批权限、土地取得与转让条件等核心规则。明确开发企业须依法取得国有土地使用权,按规划完成综合开发后方可转让;地下资源属国家所有;开发企业无行政管理权,与其他企业为商业关系。文章为外资参与土地成片开发提供实务指引,强调审批程序与规划环保要求,对理解我国土地管理制度及外商投资路径具有重要参考价值。

     Article 1  
     These Measures are formulated for the purpose of attracting foreign investment for the development and management of tracts of land (hereinafter referred to as "tract development") so as to intensify the construction of public works, improve the environment for investment,introduce foreign-invested technically advanced enterprises and export-oriented enterprises and develop the export-oriented economy.  
  
    Article 2  
     The term "tract development" as used in these Measures means that after obtaining the right to the use of state-owned land, the investors shall carry out, as planned, comprehensive development and construction on the land, including levelling the ground and constructing such public works as water supply and drainage systems, power and heat supply systems, roads and communications networks, and communications facilities, so that conditions shall be created for the land to be used for industrial or other construction purposes. The investor shall then transfer the right to the use of the land for operating public utilities, or proceed to construct such above-ground buildings as industrial houses and the supporting facilities for production and everyday life services and engage in the business activities of transferring or leasing these above-ground buildings.  
  
     Definite development targets shall be specified for tract development and there shall be definite construction projects that are intended to make use of the developed land.  
     Article 3  
     With respect to a project to attract foreign investment for tract development, the municipal or county people's government shall organize the drawing up of a tract development project proposal (or a feasibility study report, the same hereinafter).   
     With respect to a tract development project which is to make use of 1,000 mu or less of arable land or 2,000 mu or less of other land and whose amount of investment for comprehensive development falls within the limits of powers for examination and approval of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government (including the people's government or administrative committee of a special economic zone, the same hereinafter), the project proposal shall be submitted to the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government for examination and approval.  
     With respect to a tract development project which is to make use of more than 1,000 mu of arable land or more than 2,000 mu of other land and whose amount of investment for comprehensive development exceeds the limits of powers for examination and approval of the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, the project proposal shall be submitted, through the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, to the State Planning Commission for examination, verification and overall balancing and then to the State Council of the People's Republic of China for examination and approval.   
     Article 4  
     Foreign investors who intend to invest for tract development shall, in accordance with the respective provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises, form a Chinese-foreign equity joint venture, or a Chinese-foreign contractual joint venture or a foreign-capital enterprise (hereinafter referred to as a "development enterprise") to engage in the development and management of the tract of land.  
     Development enterprises shall be governed and protected by the law of China and all their activities shall abide by the laws and regulations of the People's Republic of China. Development enterprises shall have the right to act on their own in business operations and management in accordance with the law, but they shall have no administrative power in their development areas. The relationship between a development enterprise and other enterprises shall be of a commercial nature.   
     The State encourages the state-owned enterprises to form development enterprises with foreign investors by using the right to the use of state-owned land as investment or condition of co-operation.   
     Article 5  
     Development enterprises shall obtain the right to the use of the state-owned land in their development areas in accordance with the Law.  
     In assigning the right to the use of State-owned land to a development enterprise, the people's government of the municipality or county where the development area is located shall, in accordance with the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State on the administration of land, rationally specify the bounds of the tract of land, the purpose of its use, the term of assignment, the assignment fee and other conditions, sign a contract for assigning the State-owned land and submit it for approval in accordance with the limits of powers for examination and approval with respect to the assignment of the right to the use of State-owned land.  
  
     Article 6  
     After the right to the use of State-owned land has been assigned, the resources and objects buried thereunder shall continue to be owned by the State. If it is necessary to exploit and utilize them, the exploitation and utilization shall be administered in accordance with the pertinent laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State.  
     Article 7  
     A development enterprise shall draw up a tract development plan or a feasibility study report which shall specify the overall targets and respective targets for different stages, the specific details and requirements in the actual development, and the plan to utilize the developed land.   
  
     The tract development plan or feasibility study report shall, after examination and verification by the municipal or county people's government, be submitted to the people's government of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government for examination and approval. The examining and approving authorities shall organize the competent authorities concerned to provide co-ordination concerning the construction and management of the relevant public works.  
     Article 8  
     If the development area is within the limits of a planned urban area, the various items of development and construction shall be in conformity with the requirements of city planning and be submitted to the administration of the planning.  
     The various items of construction in a development area shall be in conformity with the laws, administrative rules and regulations and standards of the State concerning environmental protection.  
    Article 9  
     A development enterprise may transfer the right to the use of the state-owned land only after it has carried out the plan of tract development and satisfied all the conditions prescribed in the contract for assigning the right to the use of the state-owned land. No development enterprise that fails to invest for the development of the land in accordance with the     conditions prescribed in the contract for assigning the right to the use of the state-owned land and the requirements of the plan for tract development may transfer the right to the use of the state-owned land.  
  
     The transfer or mortgage of the right to the use of state-owned land by development enterprises and other enterprises, and the termination of the right to the use of state-owned land shall be handled in accordance with the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State on the administration of land.  
     Article 10  
     A development enterprise may attract investors to the development area to make investment, accept the transferred right to the use of state-owned land and launch enterprises. Enterprises with foreign investment shall be established in accordance with the respective provisions of the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures, the Law of the People's Republic of China on Chinese-Foreign Contractual Joint Ventures and the Law of the People's Republic of China on Foreign-Capital Enterprises.  
  
     The launching of enterprises in the development areas shall be in conformity with the State policy concerning the investment in industries.   
     The State encourages the launching of technically advanced enterprises and export-oriented enterprises.  
     Article 11  
     The postal and communication undertakings in the development areas shall be placed under the unified planning, construction and management of the postal department. Or they may, with the approval of the province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the Central Government, be constructed with investment by a development enterprise; or the  
     development  enterprise and the postal department may pool their investment for the construction of communications facilities, which, in either case, shall be transferred, after completion, to the postal department for operation, with financial compensation to be given to the development enterprise in accordance with the contract signed between the two parties.  
  
    Article 12  
     Development enterprises that invest in public utilities of their own such as power stations, heat stations and water plants within the development area may operate the business of power, water and heat supplies within the development area or hand them over to the local enterprises of public utilities for operation. If the capacity of the public utilities is in surplus, which renders it necessary to be supplied to places outside the development area or to be connected to a network outside the development area for operation, the development enterprise shall sign a contract with the local enterprises of public utilities in accordance with the pertinent  
     provisions of the State and operate in accordance with the conditions prescribed in the contract. If it is necessary for a development area to use water and power resources from outside, the business thereof shall be operated by the local enterprises of public utilities.  
    Article 13  
If a development area covers a coastal port or bay, or a river port sector, the coastline or riverside line shall be placed under the unified planning and administration of the State. The development enterprise may construct and operate a special port area and wharf in accordance with the unified planning of the competent state communication authorities.  
     Article 14  
     No business activities or social activities that are banned by the laws and administrative rules and regulations of the State may be engaged within the development areas.  
     Article 15  
     If special administrative measures are required in respect of import and export administration and Customs administration for a development area which is mainly intended for the operation of export processing enterprises, these shall be submitted to the State Council of the People's  
     Republic of China for approval and specific measures of administration shall be formulated by the competent authorities of the State.   
     Article 16  
     The general administration, judicial administration, port administration and Customs administration in a development area shall be organized and exercised respectively by the competent authorities of the State, the people's government of the locality where the development area is situated, and the judicial organs that have jurisdiction.  
     Article 17  
     Tract development with investment by firms, enterprises and other economic organizations or individuals from the regions of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan shall be governed with reference to these Measures.  
     Article 18  
     These Measures shall be put into effect within the limits of the specific economic zones, the open coastal cities and the open coastal economic zones as of the date of promulgation.

杨春宝一级律师简介

杨春宝一级律师,大成上海高级合伙人、资本市场部主任、国资基金研究中心主任,大成中国区私募基金专业带头人、科技与文化法律研究中心联合牵头人。执业30余年,长期从事私募基金、投融资、并购重组法律服务,尤其对对赌研究颇深且具有非常丰富的实战经验,并专注于金融机构股权投资业务。2004年起多次入选The Legal 500"私募基金"和"公司与商业"等境内外各类律师榜单,代理的中国法院首例适用外国法律审理外国公司的董事损害小股东权益纠纷案入选上海高院发布的《上海法院域外法查明典型案例》和威科先行"要案头条"。入选上海涉外法律人才库、上海市司法局鼎新法治人才库、上海国有企业改制法律顾问团,具有上市公司独立董事任职资格,系多家知名高校的兼职教授或兼职研究生导师及上海市商务委跨国经营人才培训班讲师。出版《私募股权投资基金风险防控操作实务》等16本投融资法律专著。了解更多

常见法律问题

什么是成片土地开发?法律如何界定?

成片土地开发是指投资者取得国有土地使用权后,按照规划对土地进行综合开发建设,包括平整土地、建设供水排水、供电供热、道路通信等公共设施,使其具备工业或其他建设条件。法律同时要求开发须有明确的开发目标和具体的建设项目,并非单纯的土地平整。整个开发活动受中国法律管辖,开发企业应依法设立并遵守法规。本政策解读援引的管理办法中,将外商投资成片开发定位为吸引外资、加强公共建设、改善投资环境和引进先进技术及出口型企业的措施。开发企业可以继续建设工业厂房和配套生产生活服务设施,并通过转让或租赁地上建筑物经营。同时,开发企业不具有行政管理权力,与区内其他企业之间是商业关系,这区分了行政主体与商业主体。外商投资前应重点论证开发目标是否明确、建设项目是否落地,避免因规划缺失而无法获得审批。在操作层面,开发企业应仔细核对拟开发土地的用途、年限、出让金等条件,并在合同中载明开发进度和完成标准。地下资源与埋藏物仍属国家,若要开发利用须另行依法申请,不能默认随土地一并取得。

外商投资成片土地开发需经过哪些审批程序?

成片开发项目实行项目建议书或可行性研究报告审批制度。市县级政府负责组织编制项目建议书,然后根据拟使用土地面积和投资规模确定审批层级。使用耕地不超过一千亩、其他土地不超过两千亩且投资额在省级权限内的,由省级人民政府审批;超过上述标准或投资额超出省级权限的,需经省级政府报国家计划部门审核平衡后,由国务院批准。开发企业编制的开发规划或可行性报告也要报批。该管理办法特别规定了省、自治区、直辖市人民政府(包括经济特区)的审批权限,并设置了量化的土地面积门槛。实务中大量中等规模成片开发项目通常止步于省级审批,而大规模连片开发则必须进入国家层面审批。这种分级设计既赋予地方一定灵活性,又将重大项目纳入国家统筹,防止盲目圈地。同时,开发规划需经市县审核后报省级批准,审批机关还组织相关部门协调公共设施建设。外资企业应尽早核实项目用地面积和投资总额落在哪一级审批权限,避免因层级错误导致审批无效。准备项目建议书时,应完整包含总体目标、分期目标、开发内容和土地用途,并与市县政府提前沟通出让条件。项目涉及城市规划区的,还需符合城市规划和环境保护要求,否则规划审批和建设许可可能受阻。建议在合作协议中明确各方办理审批的责任分工和期限。

开发企业在什么条件下可以转让国有土地使用权?

土地使用权转让并非随时可以发生。法律要求开发企业必须按照出让合同约定的投资条件和开发规划完成土地开发后,方可转让国有土地使用权。如果未按合同投入开发建设,或者未达到规划要求,则不得转让。这一规则的目的是防止土地闲置和投机式炒地,确保成片开发真正形成基础设施和产业承载能力。转让、抵押以及土地使用权终止均需依照国家土地管理法律法规办理。该管理办法明确规定,只有完成土地开发和公共设施建设,使土地达到可转让状态,开发企业才有权转让。同时,开发企业可以吸引其他投资者进入开发区,受让土地使用权并兴办企业。实务中,开发企业通常需要先完成道路、供水、供电、通信等基础工程,并通过市县政府组织的审查或验收,才能启动土地转让程序。地下资源与埋藏物始终归属国家,不因土地转让或抵押而改变。企业应当把转让节点与开发进度挂钩,在出让合同和开发规划中明确每期开发必须完成的具体工程,并保留投入票据、验收文件以备审查。受让方则要核实转让方是否已满足法定转让条件,避免购入尚未完成开发的土地导致后续无法建设。同时,注意土地使用权抵押后若未按期清偿,抵押权实现方式也要符合国家土地管理规定,防止因程序瑕疵引发纠纷。

以上内容仅供参考,不构成法律意见。如需专业法律服务,请联系杨春宝一级律师:chambers.yang@dentons.cn

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